a psychological syndrome comprising a mix of narcissism, antisocial behavior, sadism, and a paranoid outlook on life.

Overconfidence and arrogance in healthcare.

Excessive pride in one's gender.

In psychoanalysis, the narcissism of small differences is the idea that the more a relationship or community shares commonalities, the more likely the people in it are to engage in interpersonal feuds and mutual ridicule because of hypersensitivity to minor differences perceived in each other.

The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations, by Christopher Lasch, is a psychological and cultural, artistic and historical synthesis that explores the roots and ramifications of the normalization of pathological narcissism in 20th-century American culture.