Writers use "unclear" to draw attention to various forms of indeterminacy in text, whether stemming from physical imperfections or more conceptual ambiguities. In some cases, it points to literal defects like faded or poorly printed words and punctuation uncertainties—indications that a passage is difficult to decipher ([1], [2], [3]). In other instances, the term signals a broader, more interpretative vagueness, whether reflecting a character’s vague motivations or the elusiveness of historical or legal details ([4], [5], [6]). Additionally, "unclear" is sometimes deployed to emphasize the provisional nature of an interpretation or decision, implying that further reflection might reveal a more precise meaning ([7], [8], [9]).