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Literary notes about sophistical (AI summary)

The term "sophistical" in literature is frequently employed to denote arguments or allegories that, while displaying an ostensible brilliance, ultimately reveal a deceptive or fallacious quality. For example, in Rabelais’s work the term critiques extravagant and misleading figurations ([1],[2]), and in Plutarch’s moral essays it marks a kind of reasoning that, although logical, betrays an inability to adhere to what is right ([3]). Rousseau dismisses such rhetoric as merely a brilliant yet insubstantial improvisation ([4]), while Plato’s discussions articulate the dismantling of sophistical constructs through refined analogies ([5],[6]). Similarly, later authors like Oscar Wilde and Inazo Nitobe invoke "sophistical" to describe arguments that, despite their artful display, ultimately lack genuine substance ([7],[8]). This layered use of "sophistical" captures its dual edge: admiration for rhetorical cleverness and skepticism about its true intellectual value.
  1. He is not in my opinion guilty of such a sophistical and fantastic allegory as by that phrase of his to have meant the Begging Brothers.
    — from Gargantua and Pantagruel by François Rabelais
  2. Unmannerly f. Wood f. Captious and sophistical f. Greedy
    — from Gargantua and Pantagruel by François Rabelais
  3. Incontinence, therefore, is a mark of a sophistical soul, endued with reason which cannot abide by what it knows to be right.
    — from Plutarch's Morals by Plutarch
  4. At the most, it is only a rather brilliant but flimsy rhetorical effort, a sophistical improvisation, but not a serious contribution to thought.
    — from The Social Contract & Discourses by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
  5. Thus the sophistical fabric has been demolished, chiefly by appealing to the analogy of the arts.
    — from The Republic by Plato
  6. Thus the sophistical fabric has been demolished, chiefly by appealing to the analogy of the arts.
    — from The Republic of Plato by Plato
  7. By its means, too, he can invent an imaginary antagonist, and convert him when he chooses by some absurdly sophistical argument.
    — from Intentions by Oscar Wilde
  8. They arrayed forth sophistical arguments without the wit of Sophists, and scholastic tortuosities minus the niceties of the Schoolmen.
    — from Bushido, the Soul of Japan by Inazo Nitobe

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