Across literary works, oligarchy is portrayed as a system where power is concentrated in the hands of a few, often driven by wealth, noble lineage, or both. Plato’s writings, for instance, scrutinize the inherent defects of such governance, suggesting that an overemphasis on money-getting undermines broader civic virtues ([1], [2], [3]). Ancient historians similarly highlight the vulnerability and internal strife of oligarchic regimes, with references that question whether a city is led by the people or merely an elite minority ([4], [5], [6]). Later authors extend this critique by comparing oligarchy to other forms of rule, arguing that when power rests solely with a select few, it invariably compromises justice and equality in favor of self-interest ([7], [8], [9]).