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Literary notes about latter (AI summary)

The word “latter” serves as a versatile literary device that primarily signals the second element in a pair or a later period in a sequence. In many works, authors use it to contrast two items or ideas—for instance, Tolstoy distinguishes between characters with “the latter returned to Russia” in War and Peace [1], while Burke contrasts financial figures in his historical narrative [2]. At times, it points to a later phase in time, as seen when Shelley situates his scene “in the latter days of December” [3] or Ben Jonson describes a period marked by specific attire [4]. Moreover, “latter” helps clarify relationships within a narrative, such as when Doyle and others use it to indicate the second among two individuals or actions [5, 6, 7]. Overall, the term enriches the text by providing a clear framework for comparison and temporal progression.
  1. But he again failed to meet Kurágin in Turkey, for soon after Prince Andrew arrived, the latter returned to Russia.
    — from War and Peace by graf Leo Tolstoy
  2. The average balance of the former period was 3,706,000 l. ; of the latter, something above four millions.
    — from The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, Vol. 01 (of 12) by Edmund Burke
  3. It was on a clear morning, in the latter days of December, that I first saw the white cliffs of Britain.
    — from Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
  4. ‘A kind of openwork embroidery or lace worn in the latter part of the 16th and in the 17th c.’ NED.
    — from The Devil is an Ass by Ben Jonson
  5. She heard Mr. McCarthy the elder using very strong language to his son, and she saw the latter raise up his hand as if to strike his father.
    — from The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle
  6. In the case of Carrie he found a woman who was all of the latter, but none of the former.
    — from Sister Carrie: A Novel by Theodore Dreiser
  7. The latter smiled.
    — from Twenty years after by Alexandre Dumas and Auguste Maquet

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