Literary notes about latter (AI summary)
The word “latter” serves as a versatile literary device that primarily signals the second element in a pair or a later period in a sequence. In many works, authors use it to contrast two items or ideas—for instance, Tolstoy distinguishes between characters with “the latter returned to Russia” in War and Peace [1], while Burke contrasts financial figures in his historical narrative [2]. At times, it points to a later phase in time, as seen when Shelley situates his scene “in the latter days of December” [3] or Ben Jonson describes a period marked by specific attire [4]. Moreover, “latter” helps clarify relationships within a narrative, such as when Doyle and others use it to indicate the second among two individuals or actions [5, 6, 7]. Overall, the term enriches the text by providing a clear framework for comparison and temporal progression.
- But he again failed to meet Kurágin in Turkey, for soon after Prince Andrew arrived, the latter returned to Russia.
— from War and Peace by graf Leo Tolstoy - The average balance of the former period was 3,706,000 l. ; of the latter, something above four millions.
— from The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, Vol. 01 (of 12) by Edmund Burke - It was on a clear morning, in the latter days of December, that I first saw the white cliffs of Britain.
— from Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley - ‘A kind of openwork embroidery or lace worn in the latter part of the 16th and in the 17th c.’ NED.
— from The Devil is an Ass by Ben Jonson - She heard Mr. McCarthy the elder using very strong language to his son, and she saw the latter raise up his hand as if to strike his father.
— from The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle - In the case of Carrie he found a woman who was all of the latter, but none of the former.
— from Sister Carrie: A Novel by Theodore Dreiser - The latter smiled.
— from Twenty years after by Alexandre Dumas and Auguste Maquet